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KOH Wet Mount Preparation: Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and uses

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  Purpose:   To identify fungi in clinical specimens such as hair, skin or nails. Principle:   The KOH mount is used to aid in detecting fungal elements in thick mucoid material or in specimens containing keratinous materials such as skin scales, nails and hair.  The KOH dissolves the background keratin, unmasking the fungus element to make them more apparent. This test cannot find out the exact species of fungi. It can only differentiate whether fungi is present or not and the basic fungal structure. Further tests must be performed to confirm the species of fungi. Type of sample: Sterile containers should be used for sample collection Skin Hair Nail Requirements: Equipment Light microscope (40X magnification) Biological safety cabinet Reagents 10% KOH (aqueous) 40% KOH (aqueous) Cover slip  Microscopic slides Procedure for 10% KOH Preparation: Measure the 10g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets, the transfer to container. Add 50ml distilled wa...
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India Ink Preparation- Purpose, Principle, Procedure and Result

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  Purpose:   Used for direct microscopic examination of capsules of many microorganism. Principle:   India ink or Nigrosin preparation is used for direct microscopic examination of capsules of many microorganisms .   The fine granules of the India ink or Nigrosin give an opaque background against which the clear capsules can be easily seen.  This technique is particularly useful in visualizing the capsule of  Cryptococcus neoformans  in cerebrospinal fluid, sputum and other secretions. Required equipment and reagents: Equipments: 1.    Bunsen burner 2.    Biological safety cabinet 3.    Light Microscope – 40 x magnifications Reagents: 1.    Cover slip 2.    Microscopic slides 3.    Nigrosin stain Procedure: 1.     Centrifuge CSF specimen lightly to concentrate any microorganisms in the specimen. 2.     Em...
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Gram staining- Principle, Procedure and Result

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  Overview:    The Gram staining was developed by Danish physician Christian Gram in 1884; he is the most widely employed staining method in bacteriology. Gram staining is the common and most important differential staining technique for microbiology. Gram’s staining helps to differentiate whether the bacteria are Gram positive or Gram Negative and is used to classify bacteria on the basis of their forms, sizes, cellular morphologies but does not help to identify the exact genus and species Purpose: To differentiate the bacteria into Gram positive and Gram negative based on the presents of cell wall composition. Principle: The difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall bacteria is base on cell well composition. Gram positive cell wall contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan with teichoic acid cross linking and low lipid content, which closes the pores in the cell wall and prevents the stain existing the cell, its resists decolorization of cryst...
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